Alkanes (also known as paraffins or saturated hydrocarbons) are chemical compounds that consist only of hydrogen and carbon atoms and are bonded exclusively by single bonds (i.e., they are saturated compounds) without any cycles (or loops; i.e., cyclic structure). Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. Kinematic viscosity in relation to time for mineral oil and natural ester, Figure 3. The transformer oil is a combination of mineral oils. It should be noted that there are different types of non-mineral fluids e.g. Fault zone boundaries for non-mineral fluids (when different from mineral oils) in % C₂H₄, Table 4. We will look at these standards and guidelines and compare them to the standard procedures and guidelines for mineral oils, pointing out some differences and similarities. It is a member of alkane series and a mixture of hydrocarbons. It creates an acceptable level of insulation in combination with the insulating materials used in the conductors and coils. Additives can make up for and improve the performance of base oil, and give some new properties. The effect of neutralization number corrosion of various parts of the transformer, insulation degradation, and lower strength of electric. This is due to the chemical features of the cellulose molecules in the pressboard and not the oil. If the pipe is 27ft long, what is its volume? Chemical Properties of Transformer Oil Water Content in Transformer Oil. This is particularly true for natural esters, which produce significant amounts of hydrogen and ethane, but mainly ethane gas at relatively low temperatures, between 90°C to 200°C [3], which is considered only mild overheating. 0
Naphtha Oil: Naphtha Oil is a flammable or burnable, liquid hydrocarbon mixture. The use of Naphtha oil is less than Paraffin oil because it is not easily available in our country. It should be noted that operating transformers experience dynamic temperature variations, therefore, moisture equilibrium conditions in transformers are hardly ever achieved – this is even more true for ester fluids as these display a higher viscosity. It should be noted that the initial moisture content for mineral oil and natural ester was nearly the same at the start of the experiment. The typical gas concentration values seem to be lower than for mineral oil, possibly because it takes higher temperatures to form these gases with such fluids, or because there is not enough data available so far to be really representative of their actual behavior in service. Change of moisture in PB over aging. Figure 1. Its functions are to insulate, suppress corona discharge and arcing, and to serve as a coolant. The diameter of a cylindrical construction pipe is 6ft. When aromatic hydrocarbons are diluted with substantial amounts of naphthenes, the tendency of the aromatics toward resin formation during aging under conditions of oxygen “starvation” is decreased sharply, out of proportion to the amount of dilution. Naphtha oil gets more oxidized than Paraffin oil. Moisture or water content in transformer oil is highly undesirable as it affects the dielectric properties of the oil adversely. GRAY Transformer Chemistry Services INTRODUCTION The fault free operation of power transformers is a factor of major economic importance and safety in power supply utilities and industrial consumers of electricity. H�d�Mo�0���sL�b�|:G���.H��j^״n�$��V��ہ�V0c�;3ϼ��^Mt�F�̀B��hF https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00726421, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in Two used transformer oils contain all the families of compounds described previously, but in different proportions. The interpretation of the DGA results also has many similarities although different Duval triangles and pentagons are used for mineral and non-mineral fluids, as the zone boundaries had to be adjusted for non-mineral oil data interpretation. This oil is mainly used in hygiene oil, cold cream, perfumes, cosmetic substance, candle, and in medical purpose. 0000001549 00000 n
All these fluids will behave slightly differently under electrical or thermal stress situations and not all the details on these reactions have been stipulated yet. For electrical faults and especially for low energy discharges, the same main gases (hydrogen and acetylene) are created in relatively the same ratios, thus confirming the efficiency of key gas method for ester fluids. P. Karrer, Course in Organic Chemistry [in Russian], Goskhimizdat (1962). 0000008132 00000 n
2 (1962). The higher stray gassing tendency for FR3, a natural ester, has tentatively been related to the higher viscosity and/or additives in the oil. The objectives of DGA are a) to check that equipment is in a good condition, b) to monitor operating conditions of a transformer, and c) to prevent failure and their possible localization. This phenomenon can serve as the basis for producing oils that will change little in dielectric properties during service. 0000000016 00000 n
The typical concentration values in service for these key gases are lower than with mineral oils. In this article, we will focus on the chemical-based techniques for condition monitoring available in the industry. It is normally obtained by fractional distillation and subsequent treatment of crude petroleum. An equilibrium time of between ten and fifteen minutes is proposed to ensure sufficient extraction of the dissolved gases. 0000000776 00000 n
Synthetic esters mainly produce short chain acids and these acids accelerate the ageing process of paper insulation creating corrosion on copper conductors. Decrease of DP values of PB impregnated with mineral oil and NE (left), and 1/DPt'1/DP0 versus ageing time of PB (right), Figure 6. The research is done to determine if these types of fluids would be beneficial to the industry and the equipment they are purposed for.