Language learning. For example, Canada has a bilingual policy requiring French and English. In early childhood, for example, literacy can develop through hearing stories read from books and showing children pictures with words. The process by which people learn a second language. The systematic study of a pair of languages with a view to identifying their structural differences and similarities. The smallest unit of sound in spoken language that makes a difference in communication. Discussion of responses often serves to heighten curiosity and establish focus for reading. Teachers were provided with the same definition of a word caller that was used in the Hamilton and Shinn (2003) study, were asked if any of their students fit the definition of a word caller, and were also asked to define literacy concepts pertinent to identifying word callers … Pragmatics. Multimodal literacies. (Note: Most persons have a repertoire of registers. language learning). Literacy is the ability to use and understand written words or other symbols in order to communicate. These can be found at literacyworldwide.org/statements. Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol (SIOP). A text that contains graphic features and communicates information primarily through the visual images rather than words. Writing. Awareness of sounds of words in learning to read and spell. Automaticity. A word with different origin and meaning but the same pronunciation as another word, whether spelled alike, as hare and hair, or scale (of a fish) and scale (a ladder). Struggling readers. Diverse forms of interacting with text that enable individuals to accomplish a range of purposes and attain personal benefits in ways that are shaped by cultural contexts and language structures. Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible). Readability. Dolch list. The ability to actively read texts in a manner that promotes a deeper understanding of socially constructed concepts such as power, inequality, and injustice in human relationships. Oral vocabulary refers to words that children can understand or use while speaking and listening. An instructional practice that involves students writing a brief response to a question or a probe. Speaking. One of the four traditional forms of composition in speech and writing (i.e., narration, description, exposition, argumentation) intended to set forth or explain. The risk of confirming negative stereotypes about an individual's racial, ethnic, gender, or cultural group. That is no longer the case. The historically accumulated and culturally developed bodies of knowledge and skills essential for household or individual functioning and well-being. For example, in standard American English, the word photograph is accented on the first syllable. For example, The ball was thrown by Nadia. syllables, phonemes, onsets and rimes Phonological awareness is about hearing the multiple phonemes within words and recognising phonological patterns such as rhyme and alliteration. For a more detailed understanding of the term and the state of knowledge related to the concept, read ILA's Research Advisory: Dyslexia and the corresponding addendum to that advisory. Refers to the milieu or immediate physical and social setting in which people live or in which something happens or develops. Can occur inside school, when teachers provide scheduled time for all students to read self-selected print or digital texts, or outside school, when students are self-motivated to read. It's free and takes five seconds. Some nations mandate use of their official language or languages within schools. Small-group reading instruction for students at their assessed instructional reading level. The relationship among texts, particularly literary texts and a new form of digital intertextuality that uses memes to communicate meaning across texts. Prereading. A list of the 220 most frequently used words in the English language. A genre of literature in which heightened attention is given to the form of the language, including sound and rhythm, and which makes frequent use of literary devices, such as figurative language. Project-based learning (PBL). A period of time during second-language acquisition when learners, usually children, do not attempt to speak but instead are more comfortable listening. Repeated reading. Later, Harvey Daniels and Stephanie Harvey (2009) suggested students relax the roles and instead focus more intently on sharing their text-related thinking. Together, we can continue to build and refine this critical resource. The deliberate recognition and inclusion of all forms of student diversity as a pool of resources from and toward which curriculum, instruction, and all aspects of school policy should be designed. Alphabetic script. The third quadrant is for including either nonexamples or nonessential characteristics. (updated October 15, 2009). (See also homonym), Illiteracy. Scripted instruction. For example, in Standard American English, the sentence The girl kicked the ball has the word girl as subject, followed by the verb kicked, which is then followed by the object of that action, ball. The organization of a sentence in which the subject is acted upon by the verb. The word list captures essential words in "Media Literacy" from Curriculum 21. A text can also denote a segment of spoken or written language available for description or analysis; the original spoken or written words or wording, in contrast to translations, abridgments, introduced errors, and so forth; the main part of a written communication, other than title, footnotes, and so forth; the topic or theme of a discourse, as a text of a lecture; a written or printed matter on a page or in a book, in contrast to illustrations; words; a textbook, or handwriting that uses large, bold lettering. That's why the Literacy Glossary is designed as an interactive tool. The primary collection of texts and resources, usually planned to address instructional standard and core literacy concepts, that are adopted by a school to support the teaching of literacy. A range of political movements, ideologies, and social movements that share a common goal: to define, establish, and achieve political, economic, personal, and social equality of sexes. Visualization. New, not in the sense of a replacement metaphor, but new in the sense that social, economic, cultural, intellectual, and institutional changes are continually at work.