All contributions to the symposium can be found here. 54. The term “decolonization” was almost unknown until the mid-1950s and appears to have become popular in the wake of the Bandung Conference. New International Economic Order. As the foregoing suggests, the NIEO was more than just a set of technical economic-legal proposals; it was also an explicitly political initiative, an attempt to extend the realignment of international power that the process of decolonization had begun. Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. 1. In particular, the NIEO Declaration called for: (a) an absolute right of states to control the extraction and marketing of their domestic natural resources; (b) the establishment and recognition of state-managed resource cartels to stabilize (and raise) commodity prices; (c) the regulation of transnational corporations; (d) no-strings-attached technology transfers from north to south; (e) the granting of preferential (nonreciprocal) trade preferences to countries in the south; and (f) the forgiveness of certain debts that states in the south owed to the north. Jagdish Bhagwati, ed., The New International Economic Order: The North-South Debate (Cambridge, Mass. The New International Economic Order: Links between Economics and Communications. Was the Brandt Commission merely a Machiavellian scheme to divert attention? Die UN-Generalversammlung verabschiedete am 9. Walter Goldstein, “Redistributing the World’s Wealth: Cancun ‘Summit’ Discord,” Resources Policy 8, no. Bliss was it in that dawn to be alive, But to be young was very heaven! Its fundamental objective was to transform the governance of the global economy to redirect more of the benefits of transnational integration toward “the developing nations”—thus completing the geopolitical process of decolonization and creating a democratic global order of truly sovereign states. For the more radically inclined proponents of the NIEO, the fulfillment of a new order meant rolling back Western power and augmenting the power of local elites who ruled in the name of their own peoples. Although the point of origin for some of these demands can be traced back to the Mexican revolutionary constitution of 1917 or even earlier, the more proximate intellectual origins for these ideas derived from pioneering work in development economics by the Argentine economist Raúl Prebisch, first as the head of the Economic Commission for Latin America (ECLA) from the late 1940s and then as the founding secretary general at the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) from the early 1960s.5 Along with the German British economist Hans W. Singer, Prebisch postulated that, absent regulatory intervention, the terms of trade between primary (commodity) producers and manufacturers deteriorate over time. Shangrila Joshi, “Understanding India’s Representation of North–South Climate Politics,” Global Environmental Politics 13, no. The origin of North-South dialogue for a new economic order may be traced back to over 30 years ago, at the Afro-Asian Conference at Bandung held in 1955. Krasner would elaborate his perspective at length in Structural Conflict: The Third World against Global Liberalism (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985). In other words, although the historically specific institutional demands of the NIEO during the 1970s went unrealized, one can make a credible case that the undead spirit of the NIEO continues to haunt international relations. This set of proposals proclaimed that facilitating the rate of economic development and market share among developing countries will fight global issues such as hunger and despair more effectively[3]. I hear a noise at the door, as of some immense slippery body lumbering against it. Από δημόσιο αγαθό προϊόν στα χέρια των πολυεθνικών, Your email address will not be published. 3 (1973): 418–30; Rick Perlstein, The Invisible Bridge: The Fall of Nixon and the Rise of Reagan (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2014). When the UN was founded in the mid-1940s, not only were “north” and “south” not yet operative concepts in the geopolitical imaginary but even the distinction between “industrialized” and “developing” countries (or economies) barely existed.14 Decolonization changed this rapidly, as the number of UN member states ballooned from the original 51 to 76 in 1955 and 110 by 1962—the large majority of which were “developing” states in the south.15 With the General Assembly operating under a one state–one vote principle, it seemed a fruitful site for legal claims-making that would benefit the south. There was nothing inevitable about the failure of the Group of 77. It will enhance any encyclopedic page you visit with the magic of the WIKI 2 technology. OPEC’s success in altering the terms of trade of a key global commodity appeared to represent a model that might be extended to other commodities, and to geopolitics as a whole. Social Bases of Resistance,” New Left Review 85 (January–February 2014); and Naomi Klein,This Changes Everything: Capitalism vs. the Climate (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2014). First, the matter of inevitability. Hans W. Singer, “The New International Economic Order: An Overview,” Journal of Modern African Studies 16, no. 4 (Autumn 1988): 725–48. First introduced in 1972 through the Santiago United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, developing countries of the Non-Aligned Movement would critique increasing global inequality and promote their interests by improving their terms of trade, increasing development assistance, developed-country tariff reductions, and other political agreements designed to reduce trade barriers. For harsh assessments, see Frederick F. Clairmonte, “Prebisch and UNCTAD: The Banality of Compromise,” Journal of Contemporary Asia 16, no. The Commanding Heights: The Battle between Government and the Marketplace (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2008). Aus einem gemeinsamen Fonds sollen zwei Aufgaben bewältigt werden: Ein Abkommen zur Preisstabilisierung durch Ausgleichslager existiert zurzeit nur für Kautschuk; dieses ist allerdings im Jahre 2001 ausgelaufen (vgl.