0 symbols, abbreviations, or full names for units of length, p (inches water gauge). The unit is named after Blaise Pascal, the eminent French mathematician, physicist and philosopher. area, mass, pressure, and other types. outer core inner core lithosphere oceanic crust asthenosphere 1 See answer shaedonmount333 is waiting for your help. [16], An important application of the knowledge that atmospheric pressure varies directly with altitude was in determining the height of hills and mountains thanks to the availability of reliable pressure measurement devices. If you have noticed an error in the text or calculations, or you need another converter, which you did not find here, please let us know! ) Of the mentioned layers, the lithosphere is the outermost layer of the Earth, that is, of 100 kilometers in thickness, and it exhibits the pressure in the range of 75 GPa to 110 GPa, that is, up to 109 GPa. 0 atmosphere to inch water ⋅ = We assume you are converting between atmosphere [standard] and gigapascal. 109, or in exponential notation, 1E9. The LAB is an isotherm with T ≈ 1100°C, whose depth L increases with age t, i.e., L α t 0.5 for t < ~ 70 Ma because of conductive cooling to the seafloor; You can find metric conversion tables for SI units, as well The average value of surface pressure on Earth is 985 hPa. For the pressure of air in other systems, see, "Surface pressure" redirects here. Earth's lithosphere is thinner than its asthenosphere. It is mostly fluid, made majority out of iron and nickel. [17], Static pressure exerted by the weight of the atmosphere, "Air pressure" redirects here. Which layers most likely have a pressure, represented in units of GPa, ranging from 75 GPa to 110 GPa? The current consensus is that the oceanic lithosphere thickens with age by accreting asthenosphere material from below, and reaches its full thickness (L) of ~ 90 km at the age (t) of ~ 70 Ma. The SI derived unit for pressure is the pascal. The LAB, that is intrinsically determined by petrological phase equilibria, does not require small-scale convection. Pressure is defined as force per unit of area. Atmospheric pressure shows a diurnal or semidiurnal (twice-daily) cycle caused by global atmospheric tides. At low altitudes above sea level, the pressure decreases by about 1.2 kPa (12 hPa) for every 100 metres. A typical gas-using residential appliance in the US is rated for a maximum of 1/2 psi, which is approximately 14 w.g. atmosphere to micrometer of mercury The Effect of Water on Ionic Conductivity in Olivine Hongzhan Fei 1, Dmitry Druzhbin , and Tomoo Katsura 1Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany Abstract High‐temperature ionic conductivity in olivine single crystals has been measured in the [100], [010], and [001] crystallographic orientations as a function of pressure from 2 to 10 GPa, temperature from c Atmospheric pressure, also known as barometric pressure (after the barometer), is the pressure within the atmosphere of Earth.The standard atmosphere (symbol: atm) is a unit of pressure defined as 101,325 Pa (1,013.25 hPa; 1,013.25 mbar), which is equivalent to 760 mm Hg, 29.9212 inches Hg, or 14.696 psi. {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}p&=p_{0}\cdot \left(1-{\frac {L\cdot h}{T_{0}}}\right)^{\frac {g\cdot M}{R_{0}\cdot L}}\\&=p_{0}\cdot \left(1-{\frac {g\cdot h}{c_{\text{p}}\cdot T_{0}}}\right)^{\frac {c_{\text{p}}\cdot M}{R_{0}}}\approx p_{0}\cdot \exp \left(-{\frac {g\cdot h\cdot M}{T_{0}\cdot R_{0}}}\right)\end{aligned}}}. Published by Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.06.011. 1. magma semiliquid 2. igneous rocks 3. magma chamber, lava, volcano 4. magnetism 5. silicon ,oxygen 6. partial melting 7. an increase in temperature, decrease of pressure, volatiles 8. heat-transfer, convergent boundaries 9. decompression melting, mid ocean ridge 10. flux melting, subduction zones ) p ( g In aviation, weather reports (METAR), QNH is transmitted around the world in millibars or hectopascals (1 hectopascal = 1 millibar), except in the United States, Canada, and Colombia where it is reported in inches of mercury (to two decimal places). The petrological control on the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) beneath ocean basins. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. Select the unit to convert to in the right box containing the list of units. M ) g However, some parts of the website will not work in this case. As altitude increases, atmospheric pressure decreases. In the US weather code remarks, three digits are all that are transmitted; decimal points and the one or two most significant digits are omitted: 1013.2 mbar (101.32 kPa) is transmitted as 132; 1000.0 mbar (100.00 kPa) is transmitted as 000; 998.7 mbar is transmitted as 987; etc. L 0 atmosphere to centimeter of mercury. For numerical reasons, atmospheric models such as general circulation models (GCMs) usually predict the nondimensional logarithm of surface pressure. Thus, a diver 10.3 m underwater experiences a pressure of about 2 atmospheres (1 atm of air plus 1 atm of water). Lower mantle 660-2891km and anomalous which is the boundary between the core and mantle. All of the content is provided “as is”, without warranty of any kind. For higher altitudes within the troposphere, the following equation (the barometric formula) relates atmospheric pressure p to altitude h:
atmosphere to pieze We work hard to ensure that the results presented by TranslatorsCafe.com converters and calculators are correct. The answer is 9869.2316931427. One pascal is defined as one newton per square meter. inch, 100 kg, US fluid ounce, 6'3", 10 stone 4, cubic cm, These variations have two superimposed cycles, a circadian (24 h) cycle and semi-circadian (12 h) cycle. [12], The lowest non-tornadic atmospheric pressure ever measured was 870 hPa (0.858 atm; 25.69 inHg), set on 12 October 1979, during Typhoon Tip in the western Pacific Ocean. [9], The Dead Sea, the lowest place on Earth at 430 metres (1,410 ft) below sea level, has a correspondingly high typical atmospheric pressure of 1065 hPa. atmosphere to inch water column A puzzling observation is that although conductive cooling continues, the oceanic lithosphere ceases to grow any thicker than ~ 90 km when t > 70 Ma. Asthenosphere It is a part of the upper mantle a weak, deformed part of earth solidly consisting of rocks. The measurement was based on an instrumental observation made from a reconnaissance aircraft.[13]. [10] The discrimination is due to the problematic assumptions (assuming a standard lapse rate) associated with reduction of sea level from high elevations. ( Test showing a can being crushed after boiling water inside it, then moving it into a tub of ice cold water. At the bottom of the mantle the pressure is about 140GPa and gradually lightens towards the top and is about 3 GPa at the very edge of the mantle. 10^”, that is “times ten raised to the power of”. − minerals in there become extremely unstable and it consists mostly out of magnesium and iron oxide. You can view more details on each measurement unit: atmosphere or GPa. William Roy, using barometric pressure, was able to confirm Maskelyne's height determinations, the agreement being to within one meter (3.28 feet). The brittleness of the athenosphere causes the … [14] Because of this, the boiling point of water is lower at lower pressure and higher at higher pressure. DojaCatt1234 DojaCatt1234 Answer: lithosphere.