From synthetic point of view, ROP usually provides easy installation of reactive functional groups at polymer chain ends, since the polymerization reactions can be initiated with functional nucleophilic initiators and such functionalities are preserved after polymerization. Mehmet Arslan or M. Atilla Tasdelen. This is especially prevalent when building the arm chains with stimuli-responsive properties [168]. of science -- and chemistry, in particular -- has changed much in the Washington Road as well as the Lewis Thomas, Schultz, Moffett and Icahn Macromol Chem Phys 212:539–549, Yang X, Van Duren JKJ, Janssen RAJ, Michels MAJ, Loos J (2004) Morphology and thermal stability of the active layer in poly(p-phenylenevinylene)/methanofullerene plastic photovoltaic devices. J Polym Sci Part A Polym Chem 47:2608–2619, Tsarevsky NV, Bencherif SA, Matyjaszewski K (2007) Graft copolymers by a combination of ATRP and two different consecutive click reactions. Star and multiarm star polymers via Diels–Alder-based tailoring of clickable polymers were investigated by Hizal and co-workers. Tetrahedron Lett 51:6945–6947, Tasdelen MA (2011) Poly(epsilon-caprolactone)/clay nanocomposites via “click” chemistry. The group, for example reported the synthesis of well-defined polystyrene/PEG block copolymers employing anthracene functional polystyrene and maleimide functional PEG building blocks (Fig. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 56:1181–1198, Kakuchi R (2014) Multicomponent reactions in polymer synthesis. 0000035062 00000 n
Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. Macromol Rapid Commun 29:1090–1096, Sinnwell S, Lammens M, Stenzel MH, Du Prez FE, Barner-Kowollik C (2009) Efficient access to multi-arm star block copolymers by a combination of ATRP and RAFT-HDA click chemistry. J Polym Sci Part A Polym Chem 51:2252–2259, Hsu YI, Masutani K, Yamaoka T, Kimura Y (2015) Strengthening of hydrogels made from enantiomeric block copolymers of polylactide (PLA) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) by the chain extending Diels–Alder reaction at the hydrophilic PEG terminals. The end group modification of ATRP polymers with CuAAC clickable azide groups is a key synthetic step that impart click coupling of these reactive polymers with complementary alkyne functional macromolecules. ACC also has developed a new continuing education course for architects, in partnership with Hanley Wood University. Wu, Zhang and co-workers have recently demonstrated an intriguing approach in ring-closure mediated synthesis of cyclic polymers [151,152,153]. Click Chemistry in Macromolecular Design: Complex Architectures from Functional Polymers. labs and Eno and Guyot halls on the other side of the road. "It will be the J Polym Sci Part A Polym Chem 49:110–117, Agar S, Durmaz H, Gunay US, Hizal G, Tunca U (2014) Polymer grafting onto polyurethane backbone via Diels–Alder reaction. An intriguing approach relies on the installation of clickable functionalities at side chains of commercial linear polymers and subsequent conjugation of different polymers onto these groups. They are also instructed in the use of several analytical techniques, as well as in the information they can obtain when these techniques are applied in the study of the characteristics of such materials. However in this case, the alkyne groups were not protected and were reported to be stable during RAFT process. Macromol Chem Phys 213:2299–2310, Agut W, Taton D, Lecommandoux S (2007) A versatile synthetic approach to polypeptide based rod-coil block copolymers by click chemistry. Prog Polym Sci 36:455–567, Gregory A, Stenzel MH (2012) Complex polymer architectures via RAFT polymerization: from fundamental process to extending the scope using click chemistry and nature’s building blocks. It was shown that the coupling efficiency of DA reaction was higher than 92%, demonstrating the power of DA reaction in conjugation. 0000004997 00000 n
One of the best known projects by Hopkins Architects is an office For example, thiol-para fluoro click reaction [40], Ugi, Passerini and Biginelli multicomponent reactions [41, 42] and sulfur(VI) fluoride exchange (SuFEx) [43] are new family of click chemistry-related transformations that have gathered utilization in synthesis various macromolecular constructs. The challenges [100] regarding the efficient coupling of large polymer chains remain as drawbacks during successful implementation of thiol–ene reactions and need more elaborated research. "Hopkins' Parliament building has warm and Polymer 125:303–329, Tasdelen MA (2011) Diels–Alder “click” reactions: recent applications in polymer and material science. and flexible building which encourages contact and interaction both The firm has been selected to design intellectual community." A multi-azidated hyperbranched polyglycerol (HPG) was grafted with alkyne functional block copolymer. Google Scholar, Kolb HC, Finn MG, Sharpless KB (2001) Click chemistry: diverse chemical function from a few good reactions. 0000006455 00000 n
In the design and construction of new homes, schools, offices and other buildings, architects rely on the products of chemistry to help maximize performance, energy efficiency and durability. a Synthesis of clickable ROMP polymers and b, c subsequent CuAAC-mediated click polymer grafting. Macromolecular structures containing building chains of cyclic monomers constitute an important sub-discipline in macromolecular engineering. With these, I just not help to build for my clients but also for our Earth. Though, thiol–ene and thiol–yne click reactions have found numerous applications in polymer chemistry, they found limited practice [99] in the synthesis of block copolymers. 0000001909 00000 n
and also paints, preservatives, and other decorative materials. reported the enantiomeric block copolymers of polylactide and polyethylene glycol by the chain extending Diels–Alder reaction [92]. Hopkins has worked extensively in CuAAC click coupling enables highly efficient attachment of individual polymer chains via formation of five-membered triazole junctions. Cyclic monomers that have been employed in ROP polymerization initiated either with azide or alkyne functional nucleophilic initiators include, N-carboxyanhydride [60, 79], ε-caprolactone [78, 80, 81], and d,l-lactide [82, 83] monomers. CuAAC click reaction was demonstrated as a highly reactive and efficient tool to obtain unimodal molecular weight distribution of final complex structure. Regardless of employing small organic molecules or large polymers chains as building blocks towards the fabrication of discrete macromolecular constructs, synthetic methodologies hold key importance in successful implementation.